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今天我们推出爱尔兰投资发展局中国区总监张哲伟先生独家专稿，介绍中国企业去欧洲特别是去爱尔兰投资应关注的关键问题。
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中企投资欧洲需以人才为核心考量
Chinese enterprise going Europe, talent is the top consideration in site selection
为了积极响应政府“走出去”战略，中国企业纷纷跨出国门。欧洲无疑是首选“出海”目的地之一。
Under the government's 'going global strategy'，many Chinese enterprises have gone out for business. Europe is undoubtedly one of the preferred destinations.
国际货币基金组织（IMF）在最新发布的《区域经济展望》 报告中表示：“欧洲经济正在持续增长，并已成为全球贸易引擎。”
The international Monetary Fund (IMF) stated in the Outlook of Regional Economic:" The European economy is continuing to grow and has become the engine of global trade."
对于中国企业来说，投资选址是打开欧洲市场的第一步，而人才资源和匹配度则应该是中企选址过程中的关键考量点。
For Chinese enterprises, choose a suitable location is the first step in opening up the European market, while the talent resources should be the key consideration.
匹配合适的选址
Match the right location
欧洲虽然可视为一个经济体, 但其拥有28个不同国家，从选址角度来说，每个国家都有各自不同的经济,政治、语言文化、政策和法律。因此，在欧洲选择合适的选址和投资并不容易，需要企业的多重考量。
Europe has 28 different countries, each with its own economic, policy, and law. Therefore, choosing a right investment location is not easy, and requires multiple considerations.
选址初期，企业首先可以参考同业、目标市场以及合作伙伴的所在地，尽可能聚焦所需的产业资源。
At the beginning of the site selection, enterprises can refer to the locations of their peers, target markets, and partners, as well as the industry resources.
其次，从企业的运营角度出发，成本管控需要考虑房租和当地物价水平。
Secondly, from the financing cost aspect, the office rental price and living cost should be also considered.
人才是拓展全球业务的关键要素，如何在欧洲找到合适的人才？
Talent is the key for multinational enterprises to expand their business globally, but how to find the right talents?
当企业定下选址，要招聘入职人员时，第一批团队的人员配置和顺利到位往往在很大程度上决定了公司的下一步发展方向。
When it comes the second step—hiring, the first hire is usually instrumental to the future success of the office. Thus, company can consider establishing a "landing team".
因此，公司在设立初期可以考虑组建一个由2到3个高级销售、支持人员和运营人员组成的 “落地”团队帮助公司招聘、员工培训及上岗，为日后长期运行建立良好基础，并与总部保持紧密联系。
This often consists of two or three senior sales, support, and ops people to help hire, on-board, and train new employees. Their knowledge of company processes and culture as well as their relationships with HQ can make a real difference in the long-term rapport and integration that the new office establishes with HQ.
然而，投资海外更不可忽略的是国家文化与企业文化的融合。和谐的企业文化会很好的改变整体办公氛围，也会影响当地招聘人员的工作热情。
However, it is also important to establish work culture in the local office. A good office culture can change the dynamic and overall nature of your company.
由于内部员工拥有不同国家背景，企业既要保持办公室文化的全球统一性，也要拥抱多样性。
Because your employees will likely have different backgrounds—but to overlay the HQ's culture while celebrating local diversity.
因此，不定期组织欧洲员工与总部的交流和访问，或者组织公司内部的一些定期员工团建，也会是建立良好跨国企业文化的最好方式。
Some proven techniques include holding well-planned all-hands meetings, bringing European team members to HQ to get tastes of the corporate culture.
对于许多中国的跨国企业来说，随着企业日渐成长，企业不可避免地需要雇佣技术服务工程师，组建本地开发团队。
For many Chinese MNCs, legal, financial, operational, and other support teams need to be hired as the business grows.
因此，当地人才市场的规模和多样性是跨国企业在选址过程中必须考虑的因素，拥有众多国际型人才是突破区域市场走向全球的关键要素。
Therefore, the scale and diversity of the local talent market must be considered in the process of site selection. Having a large number of international talents is a key factor in opening European market.
爱尔兰：天然的人才宝库
Ireland: A nature talent pool
爱尔兰是欧洲年轻人口最多的国家，全国有超过40%的人口在29岁以下。
Ireland has the biggest number of young talents among Europe. it has more than 40% of the population under the age of 29.
高管类人才也位居全球第一（2015年IMB全球竞争力排行榜），堪称是欧洲的人才宝库。
Ireland is also ranked NO.1 for the number of management talent in 2015 IMB Global Competitiveness Rankings.
作为欧盟内唯一官方语言为英语的国家，爱尔兰的国际型人才密度也相当高。
Additionally, as the only country in the EU which official language is English, Ireland also attracted many international talents to come to work and study.
连接欧美两大洲的优越地理位置和一系列优惠税收政策更进一步吸引了像谷歌、脸谱、辉瑞,、GSK,、花旗银行、JPMorgan,、华为,、中国银行,和中国航信这样的跨国科技，制药和金融公司在此设立欧洲和国际业务的运营中心，产生了巨大人才集聚效应。
The perfect geographic location that connect Europe and U.S. as well as favored tax policies have further attracted multi-national tech giants such as Google, Facebook and Huawei; pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer and GSK; Financial giants including Citibank, JP Morgan, Bank of China; Aircraft leasing companies like TravelSky, to establish business in Ireland.
人才培养一直是爱尔兰经济发展的原动力。
Talent training has always been the driving force behind Ireland's economic development.
许多当地知名研究型高校，如梅努斯大学和莱特肯尼理工学院也都与多家跨国企业合作，在重点领域开设研究项目，不断为跨国企业培养输送专业人才。
Many well-known local research universities, such as the University of Maynooth and the LITIT, are working with multinational enterprise on various projects.
中国软件公司华为在2017年12月刚刚宣布与爱尔兰圣三一大学开展视频智能的联合研发就是中国与爱尔兰的合作案例之一。
For example, Huawei, a Chinese software company, just announced the joint video intelligence development program with Trinity University of Ireland in Dec.2017.
爱尔兰不单有完善的人才储备，还有欧洲最为宽松的劳动法， 工作签证人数不设上限。
Ireland not only has a well established talent pool, but also has the labor laws in Europe that benefits both the enterprises and the people with no upper limit on the number of the equivalent H-1B visas.
得益于此，中国企业不仅可利用欧洲工作人口，更能通过工作签证雇佣适合企业未来发展的海外人才。
Benefitted from this, Chinese enterprises are able to hire European workforces at the same time to employ overseas talents，find the right employees.
决定欧洲选址前，中国企业可以通过类似领英和Glassdoor等人才网站，与当地招聘人员和猎头公司提前进行一轮沟通。或与国家投资代表机构沟通，先了解当地人才市场概况和用工环境，再进行实地考察。
Upon deciding on the company location, Chinese enterprises can reach local HR or head-hunting companies through LinkedIn or Glassdoor; and talk to the local investment promotion agency, getting to know the local talent pool and labor environment before they physically come for site check.
爱尔兰过去三年一直是欧元区发展最快、最具竞争力的经济体。海外直接投资创造就业岗位占爱尔兰总体就业岗位的10%。
Ireland was still the fastest growing and competitive economy in Eurozone.FDI created 10% total employment in Ireland.
企业研发经费投入达总投资额65%，共雇佣超过14,000名研发人员。
Ramp;DI (Research and development Investment) accounted for 65% total investment; over 14,000 research amp; study staff was hired.
英国脱欧让爱尔兰竞争力更为凸显，多家跨国企业迁址爱尔兰或开设爱尔兰办公室，为爱尔兰创造新就业岗位，失业率四年内减少50%，仅达6.1%。
Brexit enhanced Ireland’s overall attractiveness, foreign institutions looking to maintain access to the EU view Ireland as best location. The total unemployment rate in Ireland is decreased by 50% in past four years, only 6.1%.
此外，当地劳动法和移民政策相对灵活也十分重要。宽松的劳工政策和法律制度能够为人才的流动提供极大帮助。
In addition, it is also very important that the local labor law and immigration policy are flexible enough to allow talents flow in and out, which will largely help global company to hire international talents.
爱尔兰投资发展局是爱尔兰政府吸引外来投资的促进机构。
IDA is the Ireland’s foreign investment promotion agency.
近日，中国社会科学院与联合国人居署共同发布《全球城市竞争力报告2017-2018：房价，改变城市世界》。爱尔兰首都都柏林经济表现亮眼，全球城市竞争力排名成绩显赫，位列欧洲第三、仅次于伦敦和慕尼黑，排名全球第十九名。
Recently, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and UN-Habitat jointly released the “Global urban competitiveness report 2017”where Ireland capital city Dublin ranked NO.3 in Europe and 19th in global ranking.
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来源 / 经济日报记者陈颐、朱琳
